A new translation into modern American English directly from the original Russian manuscript. This edition contains an Afterword by the translator, a timeline of Tolstoy's life and works, and a glossary of philosophic terminology used throughout Tolstoy's literature and philosophy. In "The Destruction of Hell and Its Restoration," published in 1886, Leo Tolstoy explores the concept of hell in traditional religious teachings and its implications for God's love and justice. The work challenges conventional interpretations of eternal damnation, proposing a reinterpretation of hell as a state of spiritual separation from God rather than a place of punishment, combining Schopenhauer and Continental Philosophy constructs with mysticism.