Émile Zola (1840–1902) was a French novelist, journalist, and playwright who played a pivotal role in the political liberalization of France and was a prominent figure in the naturalist movement in literature. Zola is best known for his twenty-volume series called Les Rougon-Macquart, a monumental saga that explores the effects of environment and heredity on two branches of a family during the Second French Empire. 'Money' ('L'Argent'), published in 1891, is the eighteenth novel in this series and delivers a pointed critique of the financial and banking spheres in France during the late 19th century. In 'Money,' Zola combines his trademark naturalistic style with detailed research to portray the corruptions of capitalism and the stock exchange, mirroring his own ideals about social and economic reform. This novel illustrates his usual blend of meticulously researched reality with narrative intensity, and it is one of several of Zola's works that underpin his reputation as a master storyteller and a champion of the working class. His literary style is characterized by deep psychological insight, a keen sense of detail, and the extensive use of symbolism. Émile Zola's work laid the groundwork for the naturalist approach in modern literature, influencing numerous writers and becoming integral to the development of literary realism during his time and beyond.